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Tanggu Truce
The Tanggu Truce, sometimes called the , was a cease-fire signed between Republic of China and Empire of Japan in Tanggu District, Tianjin on May 31, 1933, formally ending the Japanese invasion of Manchuria which had begun two years earlier.
==Background==
After the Mukden Incident of September 18, 1931, the Japanese Kwantung Army invaded Manchuria, and by February 1932 had captured the entire region. The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Puyi, who was living in exile in the Foreign Concessions in Tianjin was convinced by the Japanese to accept the throne of the new Empire of Manchukuo, which remained under the control of the Imperial Japanese Army. In January 1933, to secure Manchukuo’s southern borders, a joint Japanese and Manchukuo force invaded Rehe, and after conquering that province by March, drove the remaining Chinese armies in the northeast beyond the Great Wall into Hebei Province.
From the start of hostilities, China had appealed to its neighbors and the international community, but received no effective support.〔Kitchen, p. 140–141.〕 When China called an emergency meeting of the League of Nations, a committee was established to investigate the affair. The Report of the Lytton Commission ultimately condemned Japan's actions but offered no plan for intervention, and in response the Japanese simply withdrew from the League on March 27, 1933.〔〔Van Ginneken, p. 115.〕
The Japanese army was under explicit instructions from Emperor Hirohito (who wanted a quick end to the China conflict) not to venture beyond the Great Wall.〔http://www.republicanchina.org/war.htm#Chang-Cheng-Zhi-Zhan Battles of the Great Wall〕 Their negotiating position was very strong, while the Chinese republicans were under severe pressure from their simultaneous full-scale civil war with the communists.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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